Abstract

Colon cancer remains a major global health challenge with rising mortality rate mostly in sub-Sahara Africa. A growing number of cases are detected at advance stages in Nigeria among younger populations. This study evaluates the socio-demographic and health determinants, and clinical efficacy of Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT) across two major tertiary health institutions in Rivers State, Nigeria. The study consisted of 177 participants comprising of 28 confirmed colon cancer cases and 149 healthy controls. The participants’ demographics and medical histories were gathered using a structured questionnaire. Fresh fecal samples were collected and analyzed using a rapid immunochemical FOBT. Data obtained were statistically analyzed using SPSS version 2.0. The statistical analysis revealed a significant association between colon cancer and age (p < 0.001), with 78.6% of cases among married individuals aged 41-60. A hereditary link to the disease was established (p < 0.001) as 25.0% of colon cancer patients reported a first degree relative with the disease. There was significant difference observed between the study group regarding residence, gender and occupation. The clinical evaluation of the FOBT showed a 100.0% diagnostic sensitivity and 100.0% Negative Predictive Value (NPV). This clinical efficacy was backed by a calculated Odds Ratio of 177.25 (p < 0.001). The high burden of the disease observed in the 41-60 years age range agrees with the current trend of early onset of colorectal cancer (EOCRC) and FOBT as a highly sensitive, non-invasive screening tool for early clinical diagnosis of colon cancer